Improvement in brick-kilns



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BRICK-K ILN. No.175,729. Patented Apr', 1876.

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N-PETERS, PHOTO-UYNQGRAF'NERv WASHINGTON. D. C.

Z Sheets-Sheet 2'.

A. MORANIDh BRICK-KILN. No.175,729, Patented April 1876.

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@im ogame/2, 785 M N.FETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHR, WASHINGTON. D C.

Unrann STATES AUGUSTUS MORAND, OF GERMANTOVV N PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specilication forming part of Letters Patent No. 175,7 29, dated April 4, 1876; application liled January 5, 1'176.

' being `the better regulation of the draft, and

the avoidance of choking from accumulation of ashes. It is an improvement ou the kiln patented by me on the 28th ot' December, 1875, and it will be necesssary to the better `understanding of what I now desire to claim to describe in 'a general way the kiln illustrated in said patent.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan of a kiln embodying my invention. Fiv'. 2 is an enlarged transverse section of the same taken in the plane of the line w x in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective detail, clearly showing one of the features of my invention, which will be hereinafter fully described.

The kiln herein shown may be operated continuously, if desired. It consists of two parallel rows of chambers, A1 to A10, each chamber being separated from' that adjacent by a partition-wall, a, perforated with openings b b, the two tiers or rows being separated by a central partition, B, and housed in by a continuous arched roof and wall, C.

D D are side walls; E E, end walls. F F are chimneys. c c are stoking-holes. d cl are longitudinal ues constructed in the haunches or crowns of the arches, and opening into the chimneys and cha-mbers. e c are fire-places, and Gr is a temporary structure to protect the workmen.

S0 far as above describedthe kiln does not differ from that shown in my patent 0f De cember 14, 1875, before mentioned.

The present invention consists in providing` pits sunk in the floors of the chambers and covered with gratings or perforated plates, the said pits extending transversely between the side walls, or longitudinally between the walls a c, not open to the outer air, and situated directly beneath the rows of stokingholes, as will be hereinafter described.

Another feature consists in constructing dues in the end walls for communication between the pairs ot' chambers at the ends, in the manner and for the purposes to be hereinafter described.

Heretofore, in constructing kilns of this character, it has been customary to make the tioor g uniform, solid, and continuous, and t0 stack'the green bricks and materials thereon so as to leave an area or tubular space beneath each stokinghole c. combustible charged through the stokingholes was liable to collect, partially burned, in the said tubular spaces, become mixed or clogged with ashes, and prevent the adjoining bricksfrom being properly burned. 'Io obviate this I sink cavities or recesses 71J h in the door, or construct them in building the door, preferring to build them as shown in Fig. 3. The stoking-holes c c being arranged in rows, either transversely or longitiulinally, beneath each row is sunk arecess, h, extending, pret'- erably from side wall to side wall, but not opening into the outer air, as that would disarrange the operations, and defeat the objects to pe attained by this form of kiln. I cover these recesses with gratings t' i, or some perforated refractory material, as shown. rIhe green'pwares may be stacked in the chambers, as described above, and the combustibles will fall upon the gratings. or tend to accumulate in the tubular spaces a suitable poker may be inserted from above and the mass be stirred, by which means the ashes are separated from the same and fall through the gratings into the recesses or pits.

After the burned wares are, removed from the chamber, the grates -may be lifted and the ashes removed.' By this means the tires are kept clean and free from ashes, and the wares burned uniformly from bottom to top. Heretofore, in the operation of kilns of this class, it has been customary to commence drying and burning with the chamber A1, carry it on through the intermediate chambers to A5, and then pass the products of combustion, hot air, Sto., through the openings b b in the central partition B to the chamber AG. From thence the operation was carried back through theintermediate chambers to A10, and then to A1 again, so as to be continuous. Es-

Should the fuel cake tnhlishing communication between chambers A5 and AG and A10 and A1, through the partition B,is found to so deect the heated gases, Sac., as 'ro leave the wares in the outer corners H of chambers A5 and Al", and to some eX- tent in A6, in an imperfectly burned condition. In my present invention I obviate this defect in the operation by constructing the fines which establish communication between the adjoining end chambers A5 A'3 and A10 Al in the end Walls E E of the kiln. The precise arrangement of these dues is not important, but I prefer that herein shown, which I will now describe. As each end of' the kiln is constructed and arranged alike, it will only be necessary to describe one end.

In the chamber A5 will be seen a flue, 7c, near the Hoor, Which' passes in and up, opening into a horizontal line, k', which terminates with a iiue, 7c, opening into chamber A6. An other flue, I, in chamber A5, also near the Hoor, opens into a horizontal ue, L', which terminates in a flue, l, in chamber A6. tion and direction otl these several iiues are indicated, partially in dotted lines, in Figs. l and 2. They are provided With suitable damp- 'er's nf 'Ihe liues 7c and l are connected by means of a horizontal flue, as clearly indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, and from this flue another nue or tlues, n, passes into the chimney F, being controlled by a damper, m.

By arranging' the communicating lues in the end walls, as herein shown, the heated gases, Snc.. are carried directly through the terminal chambers, instead of being deilected to one side, and the charge ot' Wares in said chambers will be as thoroughly and uniformly burned as those in the intermediatechambers. As the heated gases tend to accumulate in the The locai are constructed and arranged to operate as described-in my former patent, and will require no further description here.

Any number of chambers may be used, of course, although but ten are shown here.

1 claim-v 1. In a kiln, the combination ofthe stokingy holes c c, with the pits or recesses h h arranged `directly below them, and the gratings or perforated coverings z' z', all constructed and arranged to operate in the manner substantially as herein specitied.

2. The arrangement, in a continuous kiln having parallel rows ot' chambers, of a communicating nue or hues between the pairs of terminal chambers in the end Walls E E, sub-V stantially as represented, so that the current ot' heated gases, 85e., will pass directly through said chambers in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis ot' the kiln, in the manner substantially as herein shown and specied.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of tWo subscribing witnesses.

AUGUSTUS MORAND.

Witnesses: Y

ARTHUR C. FRASER, HENRY CoNNEtr'r. 

